1,579 research outputs found
Economic evaluation of ASCOT-BPLA: Antihypertensive treatment with an amlodipine-based regimen is cost-effective compared to an atenolol-based regimen
Copyright © 2010 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Cardiovascular Society. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material must be obtained from the Publisher.Objective: To compare the cost effectiveness of an amlodipine-based strategy and an atenolol-based strategy in the treatment of hypertension in the UK and Sweden.
Design: A prospective, randomised trial complemented with a Markov model to assess long-term costs and health effects.
Setting: Primary care.
Patients: Patients with moderate hypertension and three or more additional risk factors.
Interventions: Amlodipine 5â10 mg with perindopril 4â8 mg added as needed or atenolol 50â100 mg with bendroflumethiazide 1.25â2.5 mg and potassium added as needed
Main outcome measures: Cost per cardiovascular event and procedure avoided, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained.
Results: In the UK, the cost to avoid one cardiovascular event or procedure would be âŹ18â965, and the cost to gain one quality-adjusted life-year would be âŹ21â875. The corresponding figures for Sweden were âŹ13â210 and âŹ16â856.
Conclusions: Compared with the thresholds applied by NICE and in the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfareâs Guidelines for Cardiac Care, an amlodipine-based regimen is cost effective for the treatment of hypertension compared with an atenolol-based regimen in the population studied.The study was supported by the principal funding source, Pfizer, New York, USA
Trisammonium geranyl diphosphate
Journal ArticleGeranyl chloride. To a flame-dried, 100-mL, three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, low temperature thermometer, rubber septum, and nitrogen inlet adapter, is added 1 .47 g (11 mmol) of N-chlorosuccinimide (Note 1) . The powder is dissolved in 45 mL of dry dichloromethane (Note 2), and the resulting solution is cooled to -30°C with a dry ice/acetonitrile bath. Freshly distilled dimethyl sulfide (0.87 mL, 0.74 g, 12 mmol) is added dropwise by syringe. The mixture is warmed to 0°C with an ice-water bath, maintained at that temperature for 5 min, and cooled to -40°C. To the resulting milky white suspension is added dropwise by syringe 1.54 g (10 mmol) of geraniol (Note 3) dissolved in 5 mL of dry dichlromethane
Mangetic properties of Ising thin-films with cubic lattices
We have used Monte Carlo simulations to observe the magnetic behaviour of
Ising thin-films with cubic lattice structures as a function of temperature and
thickness especially in the critical region. The fourth order Binder cumulant
is used to extract critical temperatures, and an extension of finite size
scaling theory for reduced geometry is derived to calculate the critical
exponents. Magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility per spin in each layer are
also investigated. In addition, mean-field calculations are also performed for
comparison. We find that the magnetic behaviour changes from two dimensional to
three dimensional character with increasing thickness of the film. The
crossover of the critical temperature from a two dimensional to a bulk value is
also observed with both the Monte Carlo simulations and the mean-field
analysis. Nevertheless, the simulations have shown that the critical exponents
only vary a little from their two dimensional values. In particular, the
results for films with up to eight layers provide a strong indication of two
dimensional universality.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Report of the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Hypertension Teaching Seminar organized by the ISH Africa Regional Advisory Group: Maputo, Mozambique, 2016
The International Society of Hypertension (ISH), in fulfilment of its mission of promoting hypertension control and prevention and also of advancing knowledge globally, organizes hypertension teaching seminars or âsummer schoolsâ worldwide through the ISH Regional Advisory Groups. In Africa, seven of such seminars have been organized. This is a report of the eighth seminar held in Maputo, Mozambique, April, 2016. The seminar was attended by over 65 participants from 11 African countries. The Faculty consisted of 11 international hypertension experts. The eighth African hypertension seminar was a great success as confirmed by a pre- and post-test questionnaire
Comment on "The global tree restoration potential"
Bastin et al. (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) state that the restoration potential of new forests globally is 205 gigatonnes of carbon, conclude that âglobal tree restoration is our most effective climate change solution to date,â and state that climate change will drive the loss of 450 million hectares of existing tropical forest by 2050. Here we show that these three statements are incorrect
Multimodel Analysis of Future Land Use and Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Functioning
"Land use and climate changes both affect terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we used three combinations of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP1xRCP26, SSP3xRCP60, and SSP5xRCP85) as input to three dynamic global vegetation models to assess the impacts and associated uncertainty on several ecosystem functions: terrestrial carbon storage and fluxes, evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and runoff. We also performed sensitivity simulations in which we kept either land use or climate (including atmospheric CO2) constant from year 2015 on to calculate the isolated land use versus climate effects. By the 2080â2099 period, carbon storage increases by up to 87 ± 47 Gt (SSP1xRCP26) compared to present day, with large spatial variance across scenarios and models. Most of the carbon uptake is attributed to drivers beyond future land use and climate change, particularly the lagged effects of historic environmental changes. Future climate change typically increases carbon stocks in vegetation but not soils, while future land use change causes carbon losses, even for net agricultural abandonment (SSP1xRCP26). Evapotranspiration changes are highly variable across scenarios, and models do not agree on the magnitude or even sign of change of the individual effects. A calculated decrease in January and July surface albedo (up to ?0.021 ± 0.007 and ?0.004 ± 0.004 for SSP5xRCP85) and increase in runoff (+67 ± 6 mm/year) is largely driven by climate change. Overall, our results show that future land use and climate change will both have substantial impacts on ecosystem functioning. However, future changes can often not be fully explained by these two drivers and legacy effects have to be considered. © 2019. The Authors.
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